A Cars forum. AutoBanter

If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below.

Go Back   Home » AutoBanter forum » Auto makers » BMW
Site Map Home Register Authors List Search Today's Posts Mark Forums Read Web Partners

How to flush coolant system?



 
 
Thread Tools Display Modes
  #1  
Old January 24th 06, 07:33 PM posted to alt.autos.bmw
external usenet poster
 
Posts: n/a
Default How to flush coolant system?

I have E30 316 4-cyl carb. BMW with 45000km (yes only less than 30000
miles). It was not in use for 7 years, and coolant was changed some
three years ago.

Now (I think) I have problem with choke on my carburetor. I got it
cleaned (ultrasound) in a local carb shop, and for a while it worked
OK.

My problem: I start cold engine, revs go to ~1000 rpm, then after about
one minute go up to ~1500 - 1600 rpm. But after five minutes or so rpm
starts dropping, so when I stop in traffic its ~400 - 500 rpm, and
sometimes just stales.

Since coolant is running trough the carburetor I suspect that choke
system may be clogged, since engine runs OK once it's warmed up.

I have Bentley and Haynes manuals for E30, but I found no instructions
on how to flush cooling system. I knew where are radiator and engine
block drain plugs.

What is the right procedure to flush cooling system?

Let me just note that chemicals for flushing and professionals that can
do that job is hard to find (at least I do not knew any) where I am.

--
___ ____
/__/ / \ ** Registrovani korisnik Linuksa #291606 **
/ / \/ /\ \ ** Registered Linux user #291606 **
/__/\____/--\__\ ** http://counter.li.org/ **
Ads
  #2  
Old January 24th 06, 11:24 PM posted to alt.autos.bmw
external usenet poster
 
Posts: n/a
Default How to flush coolant system?

> I have E30 316 4-cyl carb. BMW with 45000km (yes only less than 30000
> miles). It was not in use for 7 years, and coolant was changed some
> three years ago.


My first BMW was an '88 316 :-)

> Now (I think) I have problem with choke on my carburetor. I got it
> cleaned (ultrasound) in a local carb shop, and for a while it worked
> OK.


The Pierburg carb in this car is junk. Replace it with a Weber, better
mpg and more power! Your may have a problem with the automatic choke.

--
Who needs a life when you've got Unix? :-)
Email: , John G.Burns B.Eng, Bonny Scotland
Web :
http://www.unixnerd.demon.co.uk - The Ultimate BMW Homepage!
Need Sun or HP Unix kit? http://www.unixnerd.demon.co.uk/unix.html
www.Strathspey.co.uk - Quality Binoculars at a Sensible price
  #3  
Old January 25th 06, 08:56 AM posted to alt.autos.bmw
external usenet poster
 
Posts: n/a
Default How to flush coolant system?

Nedavno John Burns pise:

| The Pierburg carb in this car is junk. Replace it with a Weber, better
| mpg and more power! Your may have a problem with the automatic choke.

Maybe, but that is not easy to do where I am. I bought manual for my
Pierburg 1B2 (still waiting for it to arrive), and I hope to tune so
that it performs as it should.



But my main question was how to flush cooling system on my BMW. Anyone
with suggestions?





--
___ ____
/__/ / \ ** Registrovani korisnik Linuksa #291606 **
/ / \/ /\ \ ** Registered Linux user #291606 **
/__/\____/--\__\ ** http://counter.li.org/ **
  #4  
Old January 25th 06, 06:56 PM posted to alt.autos.bmw
external usenet poster
 
Posts: n/a
Default How to flush coolant system?

Nedavno Yvan pise:

| But my main question was how to flush cooling system on my BMW. Anyone
| with suggestions?

Hire is what I thought:

- Turn heater knob on dash to hot.
- Drain coolant, and live both radiator and engine block drain plugs
open
- Disconnect hoses from the carb (for choke operation), plug one of
them, and connect garden hose to other
- After a while plug other carb hose, and connect garden hose to first
one
- After a while put a garden hose into radiator
- Close the plugs, and fill the cooling system with distilled water
- Repeat last step few times
- Fill the cooling system with 3.5 liter of 100% coolant (total
capacity is 7 liter), and fill it up with distilled water.

And that should be it. Any comments?


--
___ ____
/__/ / \ ** Registrovani korisnik Linuksa #291606 **
/ / \/ /\ \ ** Registered Linux user #291606 **
/__/\____/--\__\ ** http://counter.li.org/ **
  #5  
Old January 27th 06, 07:24 AM posted to alt.autos.bmw
external usenet poster
 
Posts: n/a
Default How to flush coolant system?


Yvan wrote:
> Nedavno Yvan pise:
>
> | But my main question was how to flush cooling system on my BMW. Anyone
> | with suggestions?
>
> Hire is what I thought:
>
> - Turn heater knob on dash to hot.
> - Drain coolant, and live both radiator and engine block drain plugs
> open
> - Disconnect hoses from the carb (for choke operation), plug one of
> them, and connect garden hose to other
> - After a while plug other carb hose, and connect garden hose to first
> one
> - After a while put a garden hose into radiator
> - Close the plugs, and fill the cooling system with distilled water
> - Repeat last step few times
> - Fill the cooling system with 3.5 liter of 100% coolant (total
> capacity is 7 liter), and fill it up with distilled water.
>
> And that should be it. Any comments?
>
>
> --
> ___ ____
> /__/ / \ ** Registrovani korisnik Linuksa #291606 **
> / / \/ /\ \ ** Registered Linux user #291606 **
> /__/\____/--\__\ ** http://counter.li.org/ **


This is what I used to do. But it's now illegal to let any coolant or
the rinse water run onto the ground and into the storm drain. So now I
just pay my mechanic to flush it with that pressurized machine that he
uses.

  #6  
Old January 27th 06, 08:53 AM posted to alt.autos.bmw
external usenet poster
 
Posts: n/a
Default How to flush coolant system?

Nedavno Rhaspun piše:

| This is what I used to do. But it's now illegal to let any coolant or
| the rinse water run onto the ground and into the storm drain. So now I
| just pay my mechanic to flush it with that pressurized machine that he
| uses.


Unfortunately where I am there are no such laws, and everyone disposes
coolant the way he wants including mechanics. Usually it goes down the
drain (as far as I knew). I will ask around if I can dispose of coolant
safe way.

Thanks for your comment. Its is good to knew that I found the right way
to flush, I will do it as soon as I this "Siberian" cold wave goes away.

--
___ ____
/__/ / \ ** Registrovani korisnik Linuksa #291606 **
/ / \/ /\ \ ** Registered Linux user #291606 **
/__/\____/--\__\ ** http://counter.li.org/ **
  #7  
Old January 27th 06, 01:56 PM posted to alt.autos.bmw
external usenet poster
 
Posts: n/a
Default How to flush coolant system?

Do a little research and you might find that coolant is really not an
environmental hazard. After a few days it is usually broken down by
organisms in the soil or sewer systems. They spray essentially the same
stuff on airplanes to de-ice all the time. The environmental effects have
been negligible.

I asked the question of a friend at an environmental agency a few years
back. The response, after a little research, was just to flush it down the
sewer system. True, some places won't allow this, but it may be an
over-reaction to the potential dangers. There may also be other additives
in newer formulations that may be a problem. This I don't know. The EG is
only a short term danger to any animals or humans that might ingest it.

Leonard

"Yvan" > wrote in message
news:20060127095311.76d9dc02@localhost...
> Nedavno Rhaspun pise:
>
> | This is what I used to do. But it's now illegal to let any coolant or
> | the rinse water run onto the ground and into the storm drain. So now I
> | just pay my mechanic to flush it with that pressurized machine that he
> | uses.
>
>
> Unfortunately where I am there are no such laws, and everyone disposes
> coolant the way he wants including mechanics. Usually it goes down the
> drain (as far as I knew). I will ask around if I can dispose of coolant
> safe way.
>
> Thanks for your comment. Its is good to knew that I found the right way
> to flush, I will do it as soon as I this "Siberian" cold wave goes away.
>
> --
> ___ ____
> /__/ / \ ** Registrovani korisnik Linuksa #291606 **
> / / \/ /\ \ ** Registered Linux user #291606 **
> /__/\____/--\__\ ** http://counter.li.org/ **



  #8  
Old January 27th 06, 03:14 PM posted to alt.autos.bmw
external usenet poster
 
Posts: n/a
Default How to flush coolant system?

Leonard Caillouet wrote:
> Do a little research and you might find that coolant is really not an
> environmental hazard. After a few days it is usually broken down by
> organisms in the soil or sewer systems. They spray essentially the same
> stuff on airplanes to de-ice all the time. The environmental effects have
> been negligible.

<snip>
>There may also be other additives
> in newer formulations that may be a problem.

<snip>

You have identified the problem in the second excerpt, but you minimize
it. Manufacturers of airplane deicing fluid do not make their recipes
public - yes, it's mainly ethylene and propylene glycol, but there's a
bunch of other stuff in there too. The airport in Toronto, Canada, has
spent millions on a deicing facility that recycles the fluid instead of
allowing it to go straight into the groundwater. They would not do this
if it was harmless.

The same problem exists in automobile coolant- the recipes are top
seekrit and the consumer and municipality has no idea what they're
dumping into the sewer, which in most places goes with minimal treatment
into the surface water.

  #9  
Old January 31st 06, 05:35 AM posted to alt.autos.bmw
external usenet poster
 
Posts: n/a
Default How to flush coolant system?

Nobody Important wrote:

> Leonard Caillouet wrote:
>
>> Do a little research and you might find that coolant is really not an
>> environmental hazard. After a few days it is usually broken down by
>> organisms in the soil or sewer systems. They spray essentially the
>> same stuff on airplanes to de-ice all the time. The environmental
>> effects have been negligible.

>
> <snip>
>
>> There may also be other additives in newer formulations that may be a
>> problem.

>
> <snip>
>
> You have identified the problem in the second excerpt, but you
> minimize it. Manufacturers of airplane deicing fluid do not make
> their recipes public - yes, it's mainly ethylene and propylene glycol,
> but there's a bunch of other stuff in there too. The airport in
> Toronto, Canada, has spent millions on a deicing facility that
> recycles the fluid instead of allowing it to go straight into the
> groundwater. They would not do this if it was harmless.
>
> The same problem exists in automobile coolant- the recipes are top
> seekrit and the consumer and municipality has no idea what they're
> dumping into the sewer, which in most places goes with minimal
> treatment into the surface water.
>

Aircraft deicing fluid is VERY TOXIC, Ottawa Canada's airport also
spent millions building an aircraft deicing center to recover the
fluid, even if the aircraft are deiced on the gate a vacuum truck
appears minutes after push back to remove the fluid. If a dog or cat
drinks the fluid it will die within 24 hours of kidney failure. DO NOT
leave an open container of this fluid in a place where animals can get
to it as it will KILL them.
  #10  
Old January 31st 06, 01:12 PM posted to alt.autos.bmw
external usenet poster
 
Posts: n/a
Default How to flush coolant system?


"FFF" > wrote in message
.. .
> Nobody Important wrote:
>
>> Leonard Caillouet wrote:
>>
>>> Do a little research and you might find that coolant is really not an
>>> environmental hazard. After a few days it is usually broken down by
>>> organisms in the soil or sewer systems. They spray essentially the same
>>> stuff on airplanes to de-ice all the time. The environmental effects
>>> have been negligible.

>>
>> <snip>
>>
>>> There may also be other additives in newer formulations that may be a
>>> problem.

>>
>> <snip>
>>
>> You have identified the problem in the second excerpt, but you minimize
>> it. Manufacturers of airplane deicing fluid do not make their recipes
>> public - yes, it's mainly ethylene and propylene glycol, but there's a
>> bunch of other stuff in there too. The airport in Toronto, Canada, has
>> spent millions on a deicing facility that recycles the fluid instead of
>> allowing it to go straight into the groundwater. They would not do this
>> if it was harmless.
>>
>> The same problem exists in automobile coolant- the recipes are top
>> seekrit and the consumer and municipality has no idea what they're
>> dumping into the sewer, which in most places goes with minimal treatment
>> into the surface water.
>>

> Aircraft deicing fluid is VERY TOXIC, Ottawa Canada's airport also spent
> millions building an aircraft deicing center to recover the fluid, even
> if the aircraft are deiced on the gate a vacuum truck appears minutes
> after push back to remove the fluid. If a dog or cat drinks the fluid it
> will die within 24 hours of kidney failure. DO NOT leave an open
> container of this fluid in a place where animals can get to it as it will
> KILL them.


No doubt ethylene glycol is toxic. That was not the point. The point is
that it it is broken down by organisms in soil and sewer systems within a
couple of days in most cases. Many airports do not recycle the fluid.

Certainly, it is best to recycle it and one should be aware of local
requirements. The point is that one should also not get in a panic if it
gets flushed down the toilet.

See the link

http://www.inchem.org/documents/cica...m#PartNumber:1
which uses these references:


REFERENCES

Ahn JS, Lee KH (1986) Studies on the volatile aroma components of
edible mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake) of Korea. Journal of the
Korean Society for Food and Nutrition, 15:253-257.

ATSDR (1997) Toxicological profile for ethylene glycol and propylene
glycol. Atlanta, GA, US Department of Health and Human Services,
Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry. 249 pp.

Bates WK, Wilson JF (1974) Ethylene glycol-induced alteration of
conidial germination in Neurospora crassa. Journal of bacteriology,
117:560-567.

Battersby NS, Wilson V (1989) Survey of the anaerobic biodegradation
potential of organic chemicals in digesting sludge. Applied
environmental microbiology, 55(2):433-439.

Beasley VR, Buck WB (1980) Acute ethylene glycol toxicosis: A review.
Veterinary and human toxicology, 22(4):255-263.

Blackman RAA (1974) Toxicity of oil-sinking agents. Marine pollution
bulletin, 5:116-118.

Blomstrom DC, Beyer EM (1980) Plants metabolise ethylene to ethylene
glycol. Nature, 283(5742):66-68.

Boatman RJ, Cunningham SL, Ziegler DA (1986) A method for measuring
the biodegradation of organic chemicals. Environmental toxicology and
chemistry, 5:233-243.

Bose S, Bandyopadhyay M (1975) Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene
glycol and hydroxylamine on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.).
Science and culture, 41:240-241.

Bose S, Bhattacharyya SK (1975) Studies on the effect of single and
combined treatments of x-rays, ethylene glycol and hydroxylamine in
rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant science, 7:19-22.

Bose S, Datta GC (1973) Effect of treatments of colchicine,
dimethylsulphoxide, ethylene glycol, hydroxylamine and triethanolamine
in jute (Corchorus capsularis L.). Bangladesh journal of botany,
2:1-6.

Bose S, Naskar SK (1975) Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene
glycol, hydroxylamine and triethanolamine in M1 generation in cluster
bean. Bulletin of the Botanical Society of Bengal, 29:49-52.

Bridie A, Wolff CJM, Winter M (1979) BOD and COD of some
petrochemicals. Water research, 13:627-630.

Bringmann G, Kuhn R (1976) Comparative findings on the damaging
effects of water pollutants in bacteria (Pseudomonas putida) and
blue-green algae (Microcystis aeruginosa). GasWasserfach: Wasser
Abwasser, 117(9):410-413 (in German).

Bringmann G, Kuhn R (1977) Results of the damaging effect of water
pollutants on Daphnia magna. Zeitschrift fuer Wasser und Abwasser
Forschung, 10:161-166 (in German).

Bringmann G, Kuhn R (1980a) Comparison of the toxicity thresholds of
water pollutants to bacteria, algae and protozoa in the cell
multiplication inhibition test. Water research, 14:231-241.

Bringmann G, Kuhn R (1980b) Determination of the biological effects of
water pollutants in protozoa. II. Ciliated bacteria. Zeitschrift fuer
Wasser und Abwasser Forschung, 13(1):26-31 (in German).

BUA (1991) Ethylene glycol. GDCh-Advisory Committee on Existing
Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA). Hirzel, Wissenschaftliche
Verlagsgesellschaft. 139 pp. (BUA Report 92.S).

Budavari S, ed. (1989) The Merck Index. An encyclopaedia of
chemicals, drugs and biologicals, 11th ed. Rahway, NJ, Merck
and Co. Inc.

Calleja MC, Persoone G, Geladi P (1993) The predictive potential of a
battery of ecotoxicological tests for human acute toxicity as
evaluated with the first 50 MEIC chemicals. Alternatives to
laboratory animals, 21:330-349.

Calleja MC, Persoone G, Geladi P (1994) Comparative acute toxicity of
the first 50 multicentre evaluation of in vivo cytotoxicity
chemicals to aquatic non-vertebrates. Archives of environmental
contamination and toxicology, 26:69-78.

Chemical Daily Company (1997) Annual of chemical industry. Tokyo,
The Chemical Daily Company Ltd.

Conway RA, Waggy GT, Spiegel MH, Berglund RL (1983) Environmental fate
and effects of ethylene oxide. Environmental science and technology,
17(2):107-112.

Cowgill UM, Takahashi IT, Applegath SL (1985) A comparison of the
effect of four benchmark chemicals on Daphnia magna and
Ceriodaphnia dubia-affinis tested at two different temperatures.
Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 4:415-422.

Daugherty LC (1980) The growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on glycols
of industrial importance. Lubrication engineering, 36(12):718-723.

DeZwart D, Slooff W (1987) Toxicity of mixtures of heavy metals and
petrochemicals to Xenopus laevis. Bulletin of environmental
contamination and toxicology, 38:345-351.

Dwyer DF, Tiedje JM (1983) Degradation of ethylene glycol and
polyethylene glycols by methanogenic consortia. Applied environmental
microbiology, 46(1):185-190.

Eisenreich SJ, Looney BB, Thornton JD (1981) Airborne organic
contaminants in the Great Lakes ecosystem. Environmental science and
technology, 15(1):30-38.

Evans WH, David EJ (1974) Biodegradation of mono-, di-, and
triethylene glycols in river waters under controlled laboratory
conditions. Water research, 8(2):97-100.

Flathman PE, Jerger DE, Bottomley LS (1989) Remediation of
contaminated ground water using biological techniques. Ground water
monitoring review, 9:105-119.

Freitag D, Ballhorn L, Geyer H, Korte F (1985) Environmental hazard
profile of organic chemicals: An experimental method for the
assessment of the behaviour of organic chemicals in the ecosphere by
means of simple laboratory tests with 14C labeled chemicals.
Chemosphere, 14(10):1589-1616.

Gaston LW, Stadtman ER (1963) Fermentation of ethylene glycol by
Clostridium glycolicum. Journal of bacteriology, 85:356-362.

Gersich FM, Blanchard FA, Applegath SL, Park CN (1986) The precision
of daphnid (Daphnia magna Straus, 1820) static acute toxicity tests.
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology,
15(6):741-749.

Grabinska-Loniewska A (1974) Studies on the activated sludge bacteria
participating in the biodegradation of methanol, formaldehyde and
ethylene glycol: II. Utilization of various carbon and nitrogen
compounds. Acta Microbiologica Polonica, Series B: Microbiologia
Applicata, 6(2):83-88.

Gray WD, Sova C (1956) Relation of molecule size and structure to
alcohol inhibition of glucose utilization by yeast. Journal of
bacteriology, 72:349-356.

Haines JR, Alexander M (1975) Microbial degradation of polyethylene
glycols. Applied microbiology, 29:621-625.

Hansch C, Leo AJ (1979) Substituent constants for correlation analysis
in chemistry and biology. New York, NY, John Wiley & Sons.

Hartwell SI, Jordahl DM, Evans JE, May EB (1995) Toxicity of aircraft
de-icer and anti-icer solutions to aquatic organisms. Environmental
toxicology and chemistry, 14:1375-1386.

Hermens J, Canton H, Janssen P, De Jong R (1984) Quantitative
structure activity relationships and toxicity studies of mixtures of
chemicals with anaesthetic potency: Acute lethal and sublethal
toxicity to Daphnia magna. Aquatic toxicology, 5:143-154.

Hoechst (1975) Investigation of the biodegradation of ethylene
glycol. Frankfurt/Main, Germany, Hoechst AG, Abteilung Reinhaltung
von Wasser und Luft (in German).

Hovious JC, Conway RA, Ganze CW (1973) Anaerobic lagoon pretreatment
of petrochemical wastes. Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, 45:71-84.

Howard PH, Boethling RS, Jarvis WF, Meylan WM, Michalenko EM (eds.)
(1991) Handbook of environmental degradation rates. Chelsea, MI,
Lewis Publishers, Inc., pp. 392-393.

Hrotmatka O, Polesofsky W (1962) Untersuchungen uber die Essiggarung.
VII. Uber die Oxydation verschiedener primarer Alkohole und Glykole.
Enzymologia, 24:372-384.

HSDB (1998) Hazardous substances data bank. Micromedex Inc. (CD-ROM
version).

IPCS (1993) International Chemical Safety Card -- Ethylene glycol.
Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on
Chemical Safety (ICSC 0270).

Jank BE, Guo HM, Cairns VW (1974) Activated sludge treatment of
airport wastewater containing de-icing fluids. Water research,
8:875-880.

Japan Environment Agency (1991) Chemicals in the environment. Report
on environmental survey and wildlife monitoring of chemicals in FY
1988 and 1989. Tokyo, Japan Environment Agency, Department of
Environmental Health, Office of Health Studies.

Kahru A, Tomson K, Pall T, Kulm I (1996) Study of toxicity of
pesticides using luminescent bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum.
Water science and technology, 33(6):147-154.

Kaiser KLE, Palabrica VS (1991) Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity
data index. Water pollution research journal of Canada, 26:361-431.

Kameya T, Murayama T, Urano K, Kitano M (1995) Biodegradation ranks of
priority organic compounds under anaerobic conditions. Science of the
total environment, 170:43-51.

Kaushal R, Walker TK (1951) Formation of cellulose by certain species
of Acetobacter. Biochemical journal, 48:618-621.

Kent JA, ed. (1974) Riegel's handbook of industrial chemistry, 7th
ed. New York, NY, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.

Khoury GA, Abdelghani AA, Anderson AC, Monkiedje A (1990) Acute
toxicity of ethylene glycol to crayfish, bluegill sunfish and soil
micro-organisms. Trace substances in environmental health,
23:371-378.

Khoury GA, Adbelghani AA, Anderson AC (1993) Bioaccumulation and
depuration of ethylene glycol by crayfish (Procambarus spp.).
Environmental toxicology and water quality, 8:25-31.

Kilroy AC, Gray NF (1992) Toxicity of four organic solvents commonly
used in the pharmaceutical industry to activated sludge. Water
research, 26:887-892.

Klecka GM, Carpenter CL, Landenberger BD (1993) Biodegradation of
aircraft deicing fluids in soil at low temperatures. Ecotoxicology
and environmental safety, 25:280-295.

Konnemann H (1981) Quantitative structure-activity relationships in
fish toxicity studies. I. Relationship for 50 industrial pollutants.
Toxicology, 19:209-221.

LDOTD (1990) Fate of ethylene glycol in the environment. Baton
Rouge, LA, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development,
Louisiana Transportation Research Center.

Lee NE, Haag WR, Jolley RL (1983) Cooling water pollutants:
bioaccumulation by Corbicula. In: Jolley RL, Brungs WA, Cotruvo
JA, Cumming RB, Mattice JS, Jacobs VA, eds. Water chlorination:
Chemistry, environmental impact and health effects. Vol. 4. Ann
Arbor, MI, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, pp. 851-870.

Lipnick RL, ed. (1991) Studies of narcosis. London, Chapman and
Hall, pp. 123-124.

Lokke H (1984) Leaching of ethylene glycol and ethanol in subsoils.
Water, air, and soil pollution, 22:373-387.

Lyman WJ, Reehl WF, Rosenblatt DH (1982) Handbook of chemical
property estimation methods. New York, NY, McGraw-Hill.

Masters JA, Lewis MA, Davidson DH, Bruce RD (1991) Validation of a
4-day Ceriodaphnia toxicity test and statistical considerations in
data analysis. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 10:47-55.

Matsui S, Murakami T, Sasaki T, Hirose Y, Iguma Y (1975) Activated
sludge degradability of organic substances in the waste water of the
Kashima petroleum and petrochemical industrial complex in Japan.
Progress in water technology, 7(3-4):645-650.

Mayer FL, Ellersieck MR (1986) Manual of acute toxicity:
interpretation and database for 410 chemicals and 66 species of
freshwater animals. Washington, DC, US Department of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife Service (Resource Publication No. 160).

Mayes MA, Alexander HC, Dill DC (1983) A study to assess the influence
of age on the response of fathead minnows in static acute toxicity
tests. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology,
31:139-147.

McGahey C, Bouwer EJ (1992) Biodegradation of ethylene glycol in
simulated subsurface environments. Water science and technology,
26:41-49.

Means JL, Anderson SJ (1981) Comparison of five different methods for
measuring biodegradability in aqueous environments. Water, air, and
soil pollution, 16:301-315.

Nielsen IR, Malcolm HM, Dobson S (1993) Environmental hazard
assessment: Ethylene glycol. Garston, United Kingdom Department of
the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Toxic Substances
Division. 33 pp. (TSD/16).

Nishiushi Y (1984) Toxicity of agrochemicals to freshwater organisms.
III. Solvents. Suisan Zoshoku, 32:115-119.

Pillard DA (1995) Comparative toxicity of formulated glycol de-icers
and pure ethylene and propylene glycol to Ceridaphnia dubia and
Pimephales promelas. Environmental toxicology and chemistry,
14:311-315.

Pitt WW, Jolley RL, Scott CD (1975) Determination of trace organics in
municipal sewage effluents and natural waters by high resolution ion
exchange chromatography. Environmental science and technology,
9:1068-1073.

Pitter P (1976) Determination of biological degradability of organic
substances. Water research, 10:231-235.

Price KS, Waggy GT, Conway RA (1974) Brine shrimp bioassay and
seawater BOD of petrochemicals. Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, 46(1):63-77.

Riddell C, Nielsen SW, Kersting EJ (1967) Ethylene glycol poisoning in
poultry. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association,
150:1531-1535.

Ross D, Stroo HF, Bourquin AW, Sikes DJ (1988) Bioremediation of
hazardous waste sites in the USA: case histories. In: Proceedings of
the American Pollution Control Association Annual Meeting (Paper
88-6B.2, 81, 9s).

Schramm M, Warrick AW, Fuller WH (1986) Permeability of soils to four
organic liquids and water. Hazardous waste and hazardous materials,
3:21-27.

Sills RD, Blakeslee PA (1992) The environmental impact of deicers in
airport stormwater runoff. In: Chemical deicers and the environment.
Boca Raton, FL, Lewis Publishers, pp. 323-340.

SRI (1993) Directory of chemical producers -- United States of
America. Menlo Park, CA, Stanford Research Institute International
(598; 890).

Steffens GL, Barer SJ (1984) The inhibition of axillary and terminal
bud growth on tobacco by a series of C2 to C10 diol formulations.
Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International, 12:279-284.

Stowe CM, Barnes DM, Arendt TD (1981) Ethylene glycol intoxication in
ducks. Avian diseases, 25:538-541.

Tsuji S, Tonogai Y, Ito Y, Kanoh S (1986) The influence of rearing
temperature on the toxicity of various environmental pollutants for
killifish (Oryzias latipes). Eisei Kagaku, 32:46-53.

US EPA (1980) Organic chemical manufacturing. Vol. 9: Selected
processes. Prepared by R.J. Lovell et al., US Environmental
Protection Agency (Report No. EPA-450/3-80-028d).

Watson GK, Jones N (1977) The biodegradation of polyethylene glycols
by sewage bacteria. Water research, 11:95-100.

Willetts A (1981) Bacterial metabolism of ethylene glycol.
Biochimica Biophysica Acta, 677(2):194-199.

Yoshida M, Hoshii H, Morimoto H (1969) Nutritive values of glycols for
poultry feeds . Japanese poultry science, 6:73-81.

Zahn R, Wellens H (1980) Prufung der biologischen Abbaubarkeit im
Standversuch - weitere Erfahrungen und neue Einsatzmoglichkeiten.
Zeitschrift fuer Wasser und Abwasser Forschung, 13:1-7.

Zeithoun MA, McIllhenny WF (1971) Treatment of wastewater from the
production of polyhydric organics. Produced for the US Environmental
Protection Agency (PB-213841).




 




Thread Tools
Display Modes

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

vB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off
Forum Jump

Similar Threads
Thread Thread Starter Forum Replies Last Post
LIDAR Trial this Week [email protected] Driving 17 April 9th 06 02:44 AM
Mercedes cancels by-wire brake system; decision a blow to technology'sfuture Sparky Spartacus Honda 0 December 15th 05 05:13 AM
The dangers of DRLs 223rem Driving 399 July 25th 05 11:28 PM
'93 Voyager coolant recovery system problem Walt Chrysler 1 May 2nd 05 12:03 PM
'01 Stratus heater issues [email protected] Chrysler 10 December 17th 04 12:14 AM


All times are GMT +1. The time now is 11:58 AM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.6.4
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.
Copyright ©2004-2024 AutoBanter.
The comments are property of their posters.